duolingo

同位詞

  • Eddy and his friend Oscar are at an art museum.
    • friend = Oscar 二者相同。刪除his friend或刪除Oscar都不影嚮句意。
  • My friend, Lily, is coming with me!
    • friend = Lily 二者相同。刪除his friend或刪除Oscar都不影嚮句意。Lily前後有逗號
  • My friend, Anny, lives in New York.
  • We visited Taipei, the capital of Taiwan.
  • I spoke with Patricia, a teacher who explained how students use their lockers.我跟帕翠西亞(Patricia)聊過,她是一位解釋學生如何使用置物櫃的老師。

當你前面講了一個總數或大範圍,後面用逗號直接把具體的東西列出來

  • The English test has two parts,listening and speaking.
  • I love two sports, basketball and swimming.
  • The house has two colors, red and white.

live in 住

  • Ben lives in an apartment.
  • When did you live in Seattle, Grandma?
  • Where will you live next year? 你明年会住在哪里?(注意!這邊沒有in)
  • I live on this street.我住在这条街上。
  • Who did you live with then?你当时跟谁一起住?
  • Who lived in this apartment building twenty years ago?谁二十年前住在这座公寓楼里?
  • He lived alone for fifty years.他一个人住了五十年。
  • Are you living a good life?你生活过得好吗?
  • When did you live in Seattle, Grandma?
  • The chickens live on the mountain

life 生活

  • She often cries because her life is hard!她经常哭,因为她的生活很难!

born 出生 (用被動式)

  • Were you born on November fifth or on November eighth?
  • When was he born?他是什么时候出生的?
  • Emma’s grandpa was born on January eighth.艾玛的爷爷是在一月八号出生的。
  • I was born in November,not in April.

wave at

  • I’m going to wave at her.
  • I saw you waving at me.

gone

gone 是形容詞用來形容一種「不在、離去、離開了」的狀態。

  • I was only gone for a week.我才離開了一個禮拜
  • I was just gone for a week.我才離開了一個禮拜
  • John is gone for the weekend, so the office is very quiet. (約翰週末不在/出門了,所以辦公室非常安靜。)
  • She has been gone for hours. When will she be back? (她已經離開好幾個小時了。她什麼時候會回來?)
  • Don’t worry, I won’t be gone for long. (別擔心,我不會離開太久的。)

除了表示「人不在、離開了」之外,gone 也可以用來形容食物被吃光、東西不見或花光:

  • My wallet is gone!(我的錢包不見了!)
  • My phone is gone! Did someone steal it? (我的手機不見了!是有人偷走嗎?)
  • All the pizza is gone.(披薩全被吃光了。)
  • All the cookies are gone. Who ate them all? (餅乾全被吃光了。到底是誰全部吃完的?)

fast 與 quickly

  • fast(形容詞 / 副詞同形,強調「速度快」)
    • 詞性: 它既是形容詞(快的),也是副詞(快速地)。
    • 語感: 強調的是移動的速度本身很快、很猛烈。
    • 常見搭配: 常與 drive(開車)、run(跑步)、ride(騎車)等表「速度與移動」的動詞連用。
    • We were driving really fast.(我們車開得超快的。——這裡的 fast 修飾 driving)
    • He is a fast runner.(他是一個跑得快的人。——這裡的 fast 當形容詞)
  • quickly(純副詞,強調「動作敏捷、反應快」)
    • 常與思考、回答、動作反應有關的詞連用。
    • She answered the question quickly.(她很迅速地回答了問題。——強調反應快、不遲疑)
    • Please finish your homework quickly.

hurry(動) 快一點

  • She needs to hurry.(她需要趕快/她得動作快一點。)
  • We must hurry if we want to catch the train.(我們如果想趕上火車,就必須快一點。)

加上 up 變成片語動詞 hurry up

  • Hurry up! We are going to be late.(快一點!我們要遲到了。)

build

build ,強調那個「堆疊、建造」的過程。

  • build a snowman(堆雪人)
  • build a campfire(生營火/疊木材起營火)
  • build a sandcastle(堆沙堡——同樣是一層層疊起來的)

end(動詞) 結束

  • Did the concert end late yesterday?昨天的演唱會很晚才結束嗎?
  • My love for you will never end.我對你的愛永無止境。
    • will never end 永遠不會結束

end(名詞) 盡頭、結尾

  • at the end of the street(在街道的盡頭)
  • at the end of the movie(在電影的結局/結尾)

belong to 屬於

  • That ring belonged to someone else.那枚戒指是別人的(屬於某個「其他的人」)
  • This ring belongs to her.

well(副)

  • I do not speak French very well.我说法语说得不太好。
  • I didn’t sleep well last night. 我昨晚没有睡好
  • Anna doesn’t bake very well.

pour 倒

  • Junior pours Eddy’s juice on the ground.

break up 分手

  • Chloe broke up with me.
  • why did she break up with you?

brake 弄破

  • I broke the dishes last night.我昨晚打破了盎子。

broken working work

is broken(壞了、斷了、碎了)

是形容詞,東西有明顯的破洞、螢幕碎裂、零件斷掉、或是徹底癱瘓不能用。

  • My phone screen is broken.(我手機螢幕碎了/壞了。)
  • The chair is broken.(這張椅子斷了/壞了。)

isn’t working / doesn’t work(運作不正常、秀逗、不能用)

強調「功能失效」: 這兩個詞不一定代表東西「碎掉」或「斷掉」,它通常是指功能無法正常運作(可能外觀完好,但內部秀逗、當機、或是按了沒反應)。

  • The elevator isn’t working.(電梯故障不能動了——外觀可能好好的,但按了沒反應。)
  • My computer doesn’t work.(我的電腦開不了機/當機了。)

hit 撞車

  • A car hit that tree yesterday.一辆车昨天撞了那棵树。

share

  • Emma shares an office with her colleague.艾玛跟她的同事一起 共用一个办公室。
  • I only have half of a sandwich, but we can share.我只有半个三明治,但是我们可以分享。
  • Let’s share this dessert

bake 烤

  • I like baking with my grandma.我喜欢和我的奶奶一起烘焙。
  • can you bake a cake?你可以烤一个蛋糕吗?

That’s all right 沒關係

  • That’s all right, how about next week?没关系,下周呢?
  • that’s all right. 没关系。

tips for/on(關於) 訣竅,建議

  • tips(小建議、訣竅、實用祕訣,常用複數形 tips)。
  • for 是介系詞,用來連接「這些建議是為了什麼目的或情境」。

  • Do you have any tips on how to save money?你有沒有關於怎麼存錢的訣竅?
  • tips for learning English(學英文的訣竅)
  • tips for saving money(存錢的方法)
  • Here are some useful tips for learning English.中文:這裡有一些學英文的實用小建議。
  • The article gives great tips for planning a trip.中文:這篇文章提供了很好的旅遊規劃建議。
  • She shared some makeup tips with her friends.中文:她和朋友分享了一些化妝小技巧。
  • Lucas, who shared road trip tips with me.路卡斯,他跟我分享了公路旅行的祕訣

a tip「小費」

tip單數可數名詞,前面要加a,tip沒有s,搭配動詞leave,留下小費

leave a tip
  • leave a tip on the table(把小費留在桌上)
  • Does the bill include the tip?中文:帳單裡有包含小費嗎?
  • We left a generous tip for the waiter.中文:我們給了服務生很大方的小費(服務很好給很多的意思)。

clean(形容詞/動詞)

clean(形容詞)

  • Are your teeth clean? 你的牙齒是乾淨嗎?

clean(動詞)

  • Please clean your room.把房間整理乾淨。

Decker 層

Deck 當名詞時,意思是「甲板」(船的甲板)或是「層、樓層」(巴士或房屋的層數),加上 -er 變成 Decker。

當我們把數字(或表達數量詞)加上 -decker時,它就變成了一個複合形容詞或名詞,用來形容「有幾層樓的載具或物品」。

  • Single-decker:單層巴士
  • Double-decker:雙層巴士
    • In London, we have double-decker buses.在我們倫敦,我們有雙層巴士喔!
  • Triple-decker sandwich:三層總匯三明治(夾了三片吐司、兩層餡料的三明治)。

Good luck 祝好運

Good luck with + 名詞(最常見,用在面對某個任務、考試或新環境):

  • Good luck with your exam!(祝你考試順利!)
  • Good luck with your presentation!(祝你簡報順利!)
  • Good luck with the move!(祝你搬家順利!)

Good luck on + 名詞(也經常聽到,通常用在具體的「事件、測驗、比賽」上):

  • Good luck on your test!(祝你測驗順利!)
  • Good luck on your first day!(祝你第一天上班順利!)

Good luck to + 對象(專門用來「對某個人」獻上祝福,後面不接事情):

  • Good luck to you!(祝你一切順利!)
  • Good luck to the team!(祝團隊好運!)

covered in 覆蓋著東西

  • covered in mud(全身沾滿泥巴)
  • covered in sweat(滿頭大汗 / 汗流浹背)
    • After running the marathon, she was covered in sweat. (跑完馬拉松後,她滿頭大汗 / 全身是汗。)
  • covered in chocolate(沾滿巧克力醬)
    • The little boy’s face was covered in chocolate. (小男孩的臉上沾滿了巧克力。)
  • covered in dust.
    • The stray dog came back covered in dust. (那隻流浪狗回來時,全身佈滿了灰塵。
  • covered in blood. (現場沾滿了血跡。)
    • The crime scene was covered in blood. (現場沾滿了血跡。)

covered with (用…覆蓋)

比較像是「外在加上了一層覆蓋物」,強調的是一個「狀態」或「工具」。

  • The car is covered with snow
  • covered with a blanket(蓋著毯子)
  • covered with dust(表面覆蓋了一層灰塵)。
  • The mountains are covered with snow in winter. (冬天的山脈覆蓋著白雪。)
  • Please keep the food covered with plastic wrap. (請把食物用保鮮膜蓋好。)
  • The old book was covered with a thick layer of dust. (那本舊書覆蓋著厚厚的一層灰塵。)
  • The table was covered with delicious dishes for the party. (派對的桌上擺滿/覆蓋了各種美味佳餚。)
  • The night sky was covered with bright stars. (夜空中佈滿了閃亮的星星。)

covered in(浸在/佈滿):

比較強調「整個表面、甚至細節縫隙全都被佔據了」那種無所不在的沾黏感。所以像泥巴這種黏糊糊的東西,

  • covered in mud (全身沾滿泥巴)
  • When they arrive, they’re wet and covered in mud.

characters 角色

  • Wow, you look like you were in a war! Just like characters in the movie!哇,你看起來像剛打完仗一樣!就像電影裡的角色一樣!
    • 複數 characters,是因為說話者在做一個「總稱、廣泛的類比」,而不是指「某一部特定電影裡的某一個特定角色」。
  • Just like a character in the movie! 就像這部電影裡的某個特定角色一樣!

  • You guys are brave, just like soldiers in a movie.(你們很勇敢,就像電影裡的士兵一樣——不會特別指某個士兵。)
  • She sings like pop stars on TV.(她唱歌像電視上的流行巨星一樣——泛指這類人。)

click

修飾動作的詞(像是方位、方式)通常會放在動詞的前面作為限定:

  • right-click(按右鍵)動詞
    • Right-click the mouse.(按右鍵)
  • double-click(雙擊)動詞
    • Double-click the icon.(雙擊圖示)
  • left-click(按左鍵)動詞

滑鼠

  • Scroll down the page.(向下滾動頁面
  • Click the file twice

可以搭配 open 的對象(軟體、檔案、視窗):

  • Open an app(打開應用程式)
  • Open a file(打開檔案)
  • Open a window / browser(打開視窗 / 瀏覽器)

硬體設備要用其他動詞:

  • 電腦主機:Turn on the computer / Turn off the computer.(關閉電源)
  • 螢幕:Turn on the monitor / screen

The reason that + 我們在做的事/我們在哪裡 + is to + 目的

  • The reason that we’re in London is to eat fish and chips!

其它說法:

  • We’re here to eat fish and chips!(我們來這就是為了吃炸魚薯條!)
  • Our main reason for being in London is to…(我們在倫敦的主要原因…)

find out 知道

  • You’ll find out when you grow up. 等你長大了就會知道了
  • You’ll find out about Harvard.你會了解關於哈佛大學的事情。
  • He found out a lot about the new dorms last week.他上周了解了很多新宿舍的情況。
  • You’ll find out more about Harvard when you check the website. 當你查看了網站,你就會更了解哈佛。
  • when you read this, You’ll find out about Harvard 當你讀了這個,你就會更了解哈佛。
  • We found out a lot about the classes at NYU. 我們了解了很多紐約大學課程的情況。
  • I found out a lot about this school from her 我從她那了解了很多這個學校的情況。

find out 找出/查清/發現

  • 查清楚
    • I need to find out what time the train leaves.我需要查清楚火車幾點開。
  • 找出:
    • The teacher gave the students a diagnostic reading test to find out their weaknesses. (老師給學生們做了一份「閱讀診斷」測驗,以找出他們的弱點所在。)
  • 發現:
    • She finally found out the truth.她終於發現了真相。

find vs find out

  • find:通常是指「找到某個實體東西」
    • I found my keys.我找到我的鑰匙了。
  • find out:通常是指「找出資訊、答案、真相」(抽象的概念或事情)。

be A not B

先肯定(強調真相),再否定(排除錯誤的猜想)

主詞 + be + A(事實) + not + B(否定的情況)
  • The thief was a bear not a person.(那個小偷是一隻熊,而不是一個人。)
  • 加上 but強調: The thief was a bear, but not a person.
  • not A but B
    • 倒過來: The thief was not a person, but a bear.

名詞

  • He is a teacher, not a student.(他是老師,不是學生。)
  • It’s a feature, not a bug!(這是產品功能,不是程式漏洞!)

形容詞

  • I am tired, not lazy.(我是累了,不是懶惰。)
  • She was angry, not sad.(她是生氣,不是難過。)

witness 動詞/名詞

witness 動詞(親眼目睹 / 見證)

  • Paul witnessed a robbery.(保羅親眼目睹了一場搶案。)
  • Many people witnessed the accident.(許多人親眼目睹了那場車禍。)
  • We witnessed a miracle today.(我們今天見證了一個奇蹟。)

抽象時間/地點:見證了(歷史、變革、繁榮)

英文非常喜歡把「年代」或「城市」當作主詞,擬人化地表達這個時代或地點「見證了…的發生」:

  • The 20th century witnessed rapid technological advances.(20 世紀見證了科技的飛速進步。)
  • This city has witnessed great changes over the past decade.(這座城市在過去十年中見證了巨大的變化。)

witness 名詞(證人)

  • Police are looking for a witness to the crime. (警方正在尋找這起犯罪的目擊者。)

break into

break into 闖入

  • That man wants to break into our house! (那個男人想要強行闖入 / 破門而入我們的房子!)

break into 打入某個市場或行業(突破門檻)

  • The company is trying to break into the Asian market. (這家公司正試圖打入/擠進亞洲市場。)

break into 突然

突然開始(某種情緒或動作突然爆發,像突破了閥門)

  • She broke into tears.(她突然大哭起來。 )
  • He broke into a run.(他突然邁開步伐跑了起來。)

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