with + 名詞 + 分詞
with + 受詞 + 補語
with + 名詞(受詞) + 分詞/形容詞/介系詞片語(補語)
這裡的 with 是「帶著、擁有、處於…狀態」。
with + 物品 + included (包含物品)
- with toothpaste included
- included(包含在內的 / 過去分詞當形容詞)
- 牙膏本身是「被」飯店包含進去的(被動關係),所以必須用過去分詞(V−ed)。如果主動去包含別人,才會用現在分詞(V−ing)。
- with breakfast included(含早餐的)
- I want a room with breakfast included. (我要一間含早餐的房間。 → 早餐「被」包含在房費裡)
- I’d like to book a room with breakfast included.(我想預訂一間含早餐的房間。)
- with tax included(含稅的)
- Is the price with tax included?(這個價格是含稅的嗎?)
- with drinks included(含飲料的)
- They offer a dinner package with drinks included.(他們提供一套含飲料的晚餐方案。)
- with shipping included(含運費的)
- I found an online store with shipping included.(我找到一家包郵/含運費的網路商店。)
with + 受詞 + 被動式V-ed
- He loves coffee with milk added. (他喜歡加了牛奶的咖啡。 → 牛奶「被」加進去)
- with the door locked(門鎖上的 / 把門鎖著)
- He left the house with the door locked.(他把門鎖上後就離開了房子。)
- with the window opened / closed(窗戶開著 / 關著)
- She slept with the window opened to get some fresh air.(她開著窗戶睡覺以呼吸新鮮空氣。)
- with eyes closed(閉著眼睛)
- She listened to the music with her eyes closed.(她閉著眼睛聽音樂。)
- with hands tied(雙手被綁著 / 束手無策)
- I feel with my hands tied in this situation.(在這種情況下,我覺得自己束手無策。)
- with work finished(工作完成後)
- He went home early with all his work finished.(他把所有工作都做完後就提早回家了。)
- with the lights turned off(燈關掉的狀態下)
- He watched a movie with the lights turned off.(他關著燈看電影。)
with + 受詞 + 主動Ving
受詞是這個動作的「發動者」,主動正在進行某件事。
- with music playing(放著音樂地)
- I like to read with soft music playing in the background.(我喜歡背景放著輕柔音樂時閱讀。)
- with rain falling(下著雨地)
- They walked in the park with rain falling gently.(他們在細雨紛飛中散步。)
- with the engine running(引擎運轉著 / 車子不熄火)
- He waited in the car with the engine running.(他開著引擎(不熄火)在車裡等。)
- with the dog barking(狗叫著)
- He tried to sleep with the dog barking outside.(他試著在外面狗叫聲不斷的情況下入睡。)
- with the wind blowing(風吹拂著)
- She sat on the bench with the wind blowing through her hair.(她坐在長椅上,風吹拂著她的頭髮。)
- with everything going well(一切順利進行著)
- He smiled with everything going well.(隨著一切進展順利,他露出了微笑。)
- with legs shaking(雙腿發抖地)
- He stood on the edge of the cliff with his legs shaking.(他雙腿發抖地站在懸崖邊。)
- with time running out(時間快用完時)
- We had to finish the test with time running out.(在時間所剩無幾的情況下,我們必須完成考試。)
- with heart beating fast(心跳加速地)
- He waited for the interview with his heart beating fast.(他心跳加速地等待面試。)
with + 受詞 + 形容詞/介系詞
描述人的狀態或動作(搭配形容詞或介系詞片語):
- Don’t talk to me with your mouth full. (嘴裡有食物時不要跟我說話。 → 嘴巴是「滿的」狀態)
- full 形容詞
- He stood there with his hands in his pockets. (他站在那裡,把手插在口袋裡。)
- 介系詞 in his pockets.
放在名詞後面當形容詞
- I’d like to book a room with breakfast included. (這句放在名詞 room 的後面,用來形容「我要的那間房」是長什麼樣子的 → 類似形容詞的作用)
放在動詞後面當副詞
當它用來描述某個動作發生時的背景、伴隨狀態
- He slept with the window opened → 說明他是以什麼狀態睡覺的
- He left the office with his work finished. 。(這句放在動詞和整個動作後面,用來形容他離開時的「狀態」 → 類似副詞的作用)