疑問詞

疑問句是受詞

平常我們最常問的「Who」,通常是指動作的接收者(受詞)。這時候,因為句子有另外的主詞,所以必須借助助動詞(如 did)來幫忙問問題:

  • Who did you see yesterday?(你昨天看到了誰?)
    • 受詞是 Who(你看到的對象)。
    • 因為 Who 只是受詞,所以需要助動詞 did,句型是:Who + did + 主詞 + 動詞原形…。
  • Who did you invite to the party?(你邀請了誰來派對? → 主詞是你,被邀請的是 Who)
  • Who are you writing to?
  • Who did you live with then?(你當時是和誰住在一起?)
    • then 的意思:當時、在那時,通常是指過去某個特定的時間點或時期

疑問句是主詞

因為在這個句子裡,疑問詞 Who 同時就是這句話的「主詞」,所以它根本不需要也不應該加助動詞(如 did)。

當疑問詞(如 Who、What、Which)本身就是句子的主詞時,絕對不能加助動詞(如 do/does/did),而是要直接接動詞!

Who (主詞) + 動詞 
  • Who bought you that necklace ?谁给你买的那条 项链?
  • Who had fish and chips for lunch?谁午饭吃了炸鱼和薯条?

  • Who washed the dishes last night? 谁昨晚洗了碗?
  • Look at this clean plate! Who washed the dishes?看这个千净的盘子!是谁洗的碗?
  • Who invited you to the party?(是誰邀請你來派對的? → 進行邀請動作的主人就是 Who)
  • Who will come with us?
  • Who was your server yesterday?昨天谁是你的服务员?
  • Who had afternoon tea?谁喝了下午茶?
  • Who took the children to school yesterday?谁昨天带孩子们去的 学校?
  • Who showed you this place?谁给你看了这个地方?
  • Who lived in this apartment building twenty years ago?二十年前誰住在這棟公寓大樓裡?

Who 當主詞(詢問「誰」做了某事)

  • Who knows the answer to this question? 誰知道這題的答案?
  • Who broke the window? 是誰打破窗戶的?
  • Who wants to join the project? 誰想要加入這個專案?
  • Who left their umbrella here? 誰把雨傘忘在這裡了?
  • Who speaks French in our team? 我們團隊裡有誰會講法文?

What 當主詞(詢問「什麼事/什麼東西」發生了或造成了影響)

  • What happened here last night? 昨晚這裡發生了什麼事?
  • What caused the delay? 是什麼原因造成延誤的?
  • What sounds so loud upstairs? 樓上是什麼聲音那麼大?
  • What interests you the most about this job? 這份工作最吸引你的是什麼?
  • What makes you say that? 是什麼讓你這麼說的?

Which 當主詞(在有限的選項中,詢問「哪一個」是主體)

  • Which book belongs to you? 哪一本書是你的?
  • Which train goes to the city center? 哪一班火車是開往市中心的?
  • Which team won the championship? 哪一支隊伍贏得了冠軍?
  • Which flavor tastes better? 哪一種口味吃起來比較好?
  • Which applicant got the job? 哪一位應徵者錄取了這份工作?
  • which wallet is yours?哪个钱包是你的?

whose/which/what + 名詞 「受格」

確實!當 whose / which / what + 名詞 一起出現在句首,而且它們在句子中扮演受詞時,腦袋真的很容易打結。

核心觀念:如何看出它是受詞?

1.助動詞/be動詞,後面有沒有主詞,若有主詞,就可判斷是受詞。

2.判斷是不是受詞最快的方法,就是把問句還原成直述句(答案句)

  • 如果這個名詞片語在直述句裡是放在動詞後面(承受動作),或放在介系詞後面,那它就是受詞

1. Whose + 名詞(問歸屬的受詞)

  • 疑問句: Whose car did you drive? (你開了誰的車?)
  • 還原直述句: You drove my car. (我的車是動 drove 的受詞)
  • 燒腦點: 中文會說「你開誰的車」(受詞在後面),但英文卻把「Whose car」整組拉到最前面。

2. Which + 名詞(有限範圍選擇的受詞)

  • 疑問句: Which laptop did you buy? (你買了哪一台筆電?)
  • 還原直述句: You bought that Mac. (那台 Mac 是動詞 bought 的受詞)
  • 燒腦點: Which 表示「從有限的選項中挑一個」。當它當受詞時,你要先想像眼前有幾台電腦,然後問對方選了哪一台的受詞。

3. What + 名詞(無限範圍開放式詢問的受詞)

  • 疑問句: What book are you reading? (你在讀哪本書?)
  • 還原直述句: You are reading a Laravel note. (筆記是動詞 reading 的受詞)
  • 燒腦點: What 的範圍比 Which 大很多(沒有範圍限制)。一樣是把受詞「書」提到句首,後面跟著主詞和動詞。

💡 終極對照整理表

疑問詞 + 名詞 英文疑問句(受詞在句首) 還原成直述句(受詞在後面)
Whose Whose car did you drive? You drove John’s car.
Which Which color do you prefer? You prefer blue.
What What movie did you watch? You watched an action movie.

看過這三者的對照,有沒有覺得它們的邏輯其實都是「把原本在後面的受詞搬到前面,再加上助動詞」呢?


How + 形容詞

  • How old are you?
    • How old 多老

How was 問狀況如何

  • How was your sister’s life in Japan?你妹妹(或姊姊)在日本的生活過得怎麼樣?

How did you 你怎麼會

how did you 來問一件已經發生的意外或狀況時,通常是在追問原因、表達驚訝或不可置信,而不是在詢問具體的步驟。

  • How did you miss the train? how 不是問「如何(用什麼方法)」錯過火車,而是問「怎麼會這樣?/為什麼會發生這種事?」。
  • Why did you miss the train?”(你為什麼會錯過火車?)等同how did you…?
  • How did you break your leg?
    • 不是問「你怎麼辦到的(用什麼工具把腿弄斷的)」,而是問:「你怎麼把腿摔斷的?/發生什麼事了?」
  • How did you lose your keys?你怎麼會把鑰匙弄丟的?

Where 問地方

  • where did we park?

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