疑問詞
疑問句是受詞
平常我們最常問的「Who」,通常是指動作的接收者(受詞)。這時候,因為句子有另外的主詞,所以必須借助助動詞(如 did)來幫忙問問題:
- Who did you see yesterday?(你昨天看到了誰?)
- 受詞是 Who(你看到的對象)。
- 因為 Who 只是受詞,所以需要助動詞 did,句型是:Who + did + 主詞 + 動詞原形…。
- Who did you invite to the party?(你邀請了誰來派對? → 主詞是你,被邀請的是 Who)
- Who are you writing to?
- Who did you live with then?(你當時是和誰住在一起?)
- then 的意思:當時、在那時,通常是指過去某個特定的時間點或時期
疑問句是主詞
因為在這個句子裡,疑問詞 Who 同時就是這句話的「主詞」,所以它根本不需要也不應該加助動詞(如 did)。
當疑問詞(如 Who、What、Which)本身就是句子的主詞時,絕對不能加助動詞(如 do/does/did),而是要直接接動詞!
Who (主詞) + 動詞
- Who bought you that necklace ?谁给你买的那条 项链?
-
Who had fish and chips for lunch?谁午饭吃了炸鱼和薯条?
- Who washed the dishes last night? 谁昨晚洗了碗?
- Look at this clean plate! Who washed the dishes?看这个千净的盘子!是谁洗的碗?
- Who invited you to the party?(是誰邀請你來派對的? → 進行邀請動作的主人就是 Who)
- Who will come with us?
- Who was your server yesterday?昨天谁是你的服务员?
- Who had afternoon tea?谁喝了下午茶?
- Who took the children to school yesterday?谁昨天带孩子们去的 学校?
- Who showed you this place?谁给你看了这个地方?
- Who lived in this apartment building twenty years ago?二十年前誰住在這棟公寓大樓裡?
Who 當主詞(詢問「誰」做了某事)
- Who knows the answer to this question? 誰知道這題的答案?
- Who broke the window? 是誰打破窗戶的?
- Who wants to join the project? 誰想要加入這個專案?
- Who left their umbrella here? 誰把雨傘忘在這裡了?
- Who speaks French in our team? 我們團隊裡有誰會講法文?
What 當主詞(詢問「什麼事/什麼東西」發生了或造成了影響)
- What happened here last night? 昨晚這裡發生了什麼事?
- What caused the delay? 是什麼原因造成延誤的?
- What sounds so loud upstairs? 樓上是什麼聲音那麼大?
- What interests you the most about this job? 這份工作最吸引你的是什麼?
- What makes you say that? 是什麼讓你這麼說的?
Which 當主詞(在有限的選項中,詢問「哪一個」是主體)
- Which book belongs to you? 哪一本書是你的?
- Which train goes to the city center? 哪一班火車是開往市中心的?
- Which team won the championship? 哪一支隊伍贏得了冠軍?
- Which flavor tastes better? 哪一種口味吃起來比較好?
- Which applicant got the job? 哪一位應徵者錄取了這份工作?
- which wallet is yours?哪个钱包是你的?
whose/which/what + 名詞 「受格」
確實!當 whose / which / what + 名詞 一起出現在句首,而且它們在句子中扮演受詞時,腦袋真的很容易打結。
核心觀念:如何看出它是受詞?
1.助動詞/be動詞,後面有沒有主詞,若有主詞,就可判斷是受詞。
2.判斷是不是受詞最快的方法,就是把問句還原成直述句(答案句)。
- 如果這個名詞片語在直述句裡是放在動詞後面(承受動作),或放在介系詞後面,那它就是受詞!
1. Whose + 名詞(問歸屬的受詞)
- 疑問句: Whose car did you drive? (你開了誰的車?)
- 還原直述句: You drove my car.
(我的車是動
drove的受詞) - 燒腦點: 中文會說「你開誰的車」(受詞在後面),但英文卻把「Whose car」整組拉到最前面。
2. Which + 名詞(有限範圍選擇的受詞)
- 疑問句: Which laptop did you buy? (你買了哪一台筆電?)
- 還原直述句: You bought that Mac.
(那台 Mac 是動詞
bought的受詞) - 燒腦點:
Which表示「從有限的選項中挑一個」。當它當受詞時,你要先想像眼前有幾台電腦,然後問對方選了哪一台的受詞。
3. What + 名詞(無限範圍開放式詢問的受詞)
- 疑問句: What book are you reading? (你在讀哪本書?)
- 還原直述句: You are reading a Laravel note.
(筆記是動詞
reading的受詞) - 燒腦點:
What的範圍比Which大很多(沒有範圍限制)。一樣是把受詞「書」提到句首,後面跟著主詞和動詞。
💡 終極對照整理表
| 疑問詞 + 名詞 | 英文疑問句(受詞在句首) | 還原成直述句(受詞在後面) |
|---|---|---|
| Whose | Whose car did you drive? | You drove John’s car. |
| Which | Which color do you prefer? | You prefer blue. |
| What | What movie did you watch? | You watched an action movie. |
看過這三者的對照,有沒有覺得它們的邏輯其實都是「把原本在後面的受詞搬到前面,再加上助動詞」呢?
How + 形容詞
- How old are you?
- How old 多老
How was 問狀況如何
- How was your sister’s life in Japan?你妹妹(或姊姊)在日本的生活過得怎麼樣?
How did you 你怎麼會
how did you 來問一件已經發生的意外或狀況時,通常是在追問原因、表達驚訝或不可置信,而不是在詢問具體的步驟。
- How did you miss the train? how 不是問「如何(用什麼方法)」錯過火車,而是問「怎麼會這樣?/為什麼會發生這種事?」。
- Why did you miss the train?”(你為什麼會錯過火車?)等同how did you…?
- How did you break your leg?
- 不是問「你怎麼辦到的(用什麼工具把腿弄斷的)」,而是問:「你怎麼把腿摔斷的?/發生什麼事了?」
- How did you lose your keys?你怎麼會把鑰匙弄丟的?
Where 問地方
- where did we park?