可數與不可數名詞

不可數名詞

  • Is there any water?(有水嗎?)
  • There is no tofu. 沒有豆腐。
  • buy lots of fruit.
  • Can you buy us some milk?
  • Ben spend time with his cat
  • She spends a lot of time reading books.
  • Do we have milk in the refrigerator?
  • A lot of ice cream!
  • But can we still have ice cream today
  • We don’t have much milk.我們沒有很多牛奶。

可數名詞

  • These grapes look good! 這些葡萄看起來很好吃耶!
  • Let’s cook some beans.
  • She’ll buy her parents some beans.
  • Duo will give me some potatoes tomorrow.
  • I love these flowers
  • We watched cartoons yesterday morning.(卡通加s)我们昨天早上看了卡通片。
  • We need three knives* and two spoons**.

Cake Pizza candy 可為可數/不可數

  • No, this isn’t cake.這不是蛋糕嗎?
  • How much cake is there?(有多少蛋糕?)
  • There is no pizza in the kitchen.廚房裡沒有披薩了
  • Is there any pizza in the kitchen?
  • It’s a very small cake.(a有數量,代表可數,這邊沒有a)
  • I like to make cakes.(cake可數,後面加s)
  • I love cake. cake不可數,後面不加s
  • I like pizza. pizza不可數,後面不加s
  • That’s a lot of pizza.(沒加s)
  • She takes some pizza.她拿了一些披薩(去吃)。
  • Is there any candy in that box?盒子裡有沒有糖果這種東西(零食)
    • 糖果當作零食的總稱,它就是不可數的
  • Are there any candies?「有幾顆糖果」 → 當作可數複數
  • There are three candies on the table.桌上有三顆糖果
    • 一顆一顆獨立包裝的糖果時,它就是可數的

不可數當作可數

  • I would like three beers.我想要三瓶啤酒。
  • five pizzas.五个比萨
  • These fruits aren’t fresh!They’re very old! 這些水果放很久了(過期了)

不可數名詞 + 容器單位

前面的數字超過 1,這個單位名詞就一定要變成複數形,也就是在後面加上S。

  • A gram of sugar.一公克糖
  • Two grams of peper
  • A cup of tea.一杯茶,
  • Two cups of tea.
  • Can I have a piece of fruit.我可以吃一塊水果嗎?
  • a bottle of water and two bottles of juice.一瓶水和两瓶果汁
  • How many grams of sugar are in this snack? (這個零食裡有多少公克的糖?)
  • we have a bag of rice and a bottle of wine. We don’t have any butter.

容器單位 影嚮動詞「單複數」

  • This bag of potatoes is very heavy. 這袋馬鈴薯很重
    • Be 動詞單複數的主角,不是後面的 potatoes,而是前面的 This bag(這袋)
    • 袋子「裡面裝的」是好幾顆馬鈴薯(potatoes),但你真正的主詞是「袋子(bag)」本身。 一個袋子 → 它是單數。
  • This box of cookies is on the table.這箱餅乾在桌上

a pair of + 名詞S (一對)

句子的真正主詞是計量單位 a pair of(一雙),of後面的名詞要加上S。

  • Is this pair of glasses thirty dollars?
  • Is that pair of shoes thirty dollars? (那一雙鞋是三十美元嗎?)
  • How much is that pair of shoes?(那一雙鞋多少錢?)
  • My friend needs a pair!
    • a pair 當代名詞代替前面提過的,後面不用加of。
  • Is this pair of glasses thirty dollars? 这副眼镜是三十美元吗?
  • I have a pair of leather sneakers.我有一雙皮革運動鞋
  • This pair of shoes is dirty.(這雙鞋子很髒。)
  • Put this pair of shorts. 穿上短褲

拿掉pair of,就要用複數動詞

  • Are these glasses thirty dollars?
  • These shorts are too small.(這件短褲太小了。)

a pair of 褲子S

像是褲子(pants)、短褲(shorts)、牛仔褲(jeans)、剪刀(scissors)這類「左右兩邊對稱、有兩個管狀結構」的衣物或工具,在英文文法中天生就是複數形,後面一定要加 -s。

所以當你要說「一件短褲」時,英文習慣說

  • a pair of shorts(一件短褲)
  • a pair of pants(一條褲子)

a set of (一串、一套)

set 當名詞時,意思是「一套、一組」。
英文常常會用「計量單位名詞 + of」來表達一整組的東西,就像中文會說「一組沙發」。

a set of(一串/一套),是因為鑰匙(keys)通常不是單獨存在的一支,而是好幾支串在一起的。

  • There is a set of keys on the table. 桌子上有串鑰匙

其它量詞

  • A deck of cards(一副撲克牌)
  • A bunch of flowers(一束花)

How many + 量詞S

遇到many,容器單位(量詞)都要加S,因為容器單位是可以數的,是可數名詞。

  • How many bottles of milk do we have? I need a bottle of milk.
    • 量詞bottle加s,many是跟著「可數」量詞
  • Where are those cups? 那些杯子在那裡?
    • cup是可數量詞,在這是多個杯子,要加s

一片一片 slices Pieces

  • Pizza(披薩)
  • Cake(蛋糕)
  • Bread(吐司 / 切片麵包)
  • Watermelon(切片西瓜)

slices 量詞與代名詞

當a slice of當量詞,後面會有名詞。

  • a slice of cake.一片蛋糕
  • tow slices of cake. 二片蛋糕,cake是不可數,cake後面不加s。

當a slice當代名詞,後面沒有of,代表前面提過的蛋糕

  • I need a slice.我要一片

例句:

  • How many slices of pizza did you take?你拿了幾片披薩?(量詞)
    • Just some slices.就幾片啦。(代名詞)
  • Did you finish the whole pizza?你把整大個披薩都吃完喔?
    • No, I only ate a few slices.沒有啦,我只吃了幾片。(代名詞)

Pieces(塊 / 片)

  • Do you want some cake?要吃蛋糕嗎?
    • Yeah, give me two pieces.好啊,給我兩塊。(代名詞)
  • That boy is having a piece of cake right now.那个男孩现在正在吃 一块蛋糕。(量詞)
  • ten pieces of pizza.十片比萨(量詞)

容器單位 + 不可數名詞

只有1公克、1公斤,量詞(容器單位:公克、公斤)就不用加S。

  • a kilogram of salt.一公斤盐
  • a gram of sugar.一克糖
  • Can have a piece of fruit?我可以要一片水果吗?

數字 + 容器單位S + of + 內容物(不可數名詞)

  • Twelve bottles of water(12 瓶水)
  • Twelve cups of coffee(12 杯咖啡)
  • Two grams of pepper.两克胡椒粉

例句:

  • There are twelve bottles of water in the fridge.(冰箱裡有 12 瓶水。)
  • I bought four bags of rice at the store.(我在店裡買了四袋米。)
  • Dad had three pieces of fish.
  • Can I get another piece of chocolate? I love it!我可以再要一块巧克力吗?我爱巧克力!
  • We need two kilograms of sugar.我們需要二公斤糖
  • Why did you buy fifty kilograms of potatoes?你为什么买了五十公斤土豆?

容器單位前面沒有數字,代表「多個」

  • Cups of coffee(杯裝咖啡) → 多個杯子。
  • Bags of crackers(袋裝餅乾) → 多個袋子。
  • Boxes of cookies(盒裝餅乾) → 多個盒子。

例句:

  • This bag of potatoes is very heavy.这袋土豆非常重。
  • Could you get a bag of grapes at the grocery store?你能在杂货店买一袋葡萄吗?

容器單位 + 可數名詞S

不是只有不可數名詞可以用量詞,可數名詞也可以

數字 + 容器單位S + of + 內容物(可數名詞S)

  • Twelve bas of chips(12 包洋芋片)
  • A bag of crackers and a bag of rice.
  • We need two bags of tomatoes. 我们需要两袋番茄。
  • There are three bags of chips on the sofa.(沙發上有三包洋芋片。)
  • There are two bags of crackers on the table.在桌子上有两袋饼千。

furniture 不可數

furniture(家具)是一個總稱(統稱)

  1. **不能加 -s**
    • 不能說 furnitures。如果要表達複數或多件家具,絕對不能直接加 s。
  2. **不能直接加不定冠詞 a / an**
    • 不能說 a furniture。
  • This is such nice wooden **furniture.**

💡 如果想表達「一件」或「多件」家具怎麼辦?

因為它本身不可數,我們必須藉助「單位量詞」來幫忙計數:

  • 一件家具: a piece of furniture
  • 兩件家具: two pieces of furniture
  • 許多家具: a lot of / much furniture

實用例句對照

  • 錯誤示範: I bought three furnitures yesterday. ❌ (不可加 s)
  • 正確說法: I bought three pieces of furniture yesterday. ✔️ (我昨天買了三件家具。)
  • 回到你的句子: This is such nice wooden furniture. ✔️ (such nice 後面直接接不可數名詞 furniture,非常道地!)

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