可數與不可數名詞
不可數名詞
- Is there any water?(有水嗎?)
- There is no tofu. 沒有豆腐。
- buy lots of fruit.
- Can you buy us some milk?
- Ben spend time with his cat
- She spends a lot of time reading books.
- Do we have milk in the refrigerator?
- A lot of ice cream!
- But can we still have ice cream today
- We don’t have much milk.我們沒有很多牛奶。
可數名詞
- These grapes look good! 這些葡萄看起來很好吃耶!
- Let’s cook some beans.
- She’ll buy her parents some beans.
- Duo will give me some potatoes tomorrow.
- I love these flowers
- We watched cartoons yesterday morning.(卡通加s)我们昨天早上看了卡通片。
- We need three knives* and two spoons**.
Cake Pizza candy 可為可數/不可數
- No, this isn’t cake.這不是蛋糕嗎?
- How much cake is there?(有多少蛋糕?)
- There is no pizza in the kitchen.廚房裡沒有披薩了
- Is there any pizza in the kitchen?
- It’s a very small cake.(a有數量,代表可數,這邊沒有a)
- I like to make cakes.(cake可數,後面加s)
- I love cake. cake不可數,後面不加s
- I like pizza. pizza不可數,後面不加s
- That’s a lot of pizza.(沒加s)
- She takes some pizza.她拿了一些披薩(去吃)。
- Is there any candy in that box?盒子裡有沒有糖果這種東西(零食)
- 糖果當作零食的總稱,它就是不可數的
- Are there any candies?「有幾顆糖果」 → 當作可數複數
- There are three candies on the table.桌上有三顆糖果
- 一顆一顆獨立包裝的糖果時,它就是可數的
不可數當作可數
- I would like three beers.我想要三瓶啤酒。
- five pizzas.五个比萨
- These fruits aren’t fresh!They’re very old! 這些水果放很久了(過期了)
不可數名詞 + 容器單位
前面的數字超過 1,這個單位名詞就一定要變成複數形,也就是在後面加上S。
- A gram of sugar.一公克糖
- Two grams of peper
- A cup of tea.一杯茶,
- Two cups of tea.
- Can I have a piece of fruit.我可以吃一塊水果嗎?
- a bottle of water and two bottles of juice.一瓶水和两瓶果汁
- How many grams of sugar are in this snack? (這個零食裡有多少公克的糖?)
- we have a bag of rice and a bottle of wine. We don’t have any butter.
容器單位 影嚮動詞「單複數」
- This bag of potatoes is very heavy. 這袋馬鈴薯很重
- Be 動詞單複數的主角,不是後面的 potatoes,而是前面的 This bag(這袋)
- 袋子「裡面裝的」是好幾顆馬鈴薯(potatoes),但你真正的主詞是「袋子(bag)」本身。 一個袋子 → 它是單數。
- This box of cookies is on the table.這箱餅乾在桌上
a pair of + 名詞S (一對)
句子的真正主詞是計量單位 a pair of(一雙),of後面的名詞要加上S。
- Is this pair of glasses thirty dollars?
- Is that pair of shoes thirty dollars? (那一雙鞋是三十美元嗎?)
- How much is that pair of shoes?(那一雙鞋多少錢?)
- My friend needs a pair!
- a pair 當代名詞代替前面提過的,後面不用加of。
- Is this pair of glasses thirty dollars? 这副眼镜是三十美元吗?
- I have a pair of leather sneakers.我有一雙皮革運動鞋
- This pair of shoes is dirty.(這雙鞋子很髒。)
- Put this pair of shorts. 穿上短褲
拿掉pair of,就要用複數動詞
- Are these glasses thirty dollars?
- These shorts are too small.(這件短褲太小了。)
a pair of 褲子S
像是褲子(pants)、短褲(shorts)、牛仔褲(jeans)、剪刀(scissors)這類「左右兩邊對稱、有兩個管狀結構」的衣物或工具,在英文文法中天生就是複數形,後面一定要加 -s。
所以當你要說「一件短褲」時,英文習慣說
- a pair of shorts(一件短褲)
- a pair of pants(一條褲子)
a set of (一串、一套)
set 當名詞時,意思是「一套、一組」。
英文常常會用「計量單位名詞 + of」來表達一整組的東西,就像中文會說「一組沙發」。
a set of(一串/一套),是因為鑰匙(keys)通常不是單獨存在的一支,而是好幾支串在一起的。
- There is a set of keys on the table. 桌子上有串鑰匙
其它量詞
- A deck of cards(一副撲克牌)
- A bunch of flowers(一束花)
How many + 量詞S
遇到many,容器單位(量詞)都要加S,因為容器單位是可以數的,是可數名詞。
- How many bottles of milk do we have? I need a bottle of milk.
- 量詞bottle加s,many是跟著「可數」量詞
- Where are those cups? 那些杯子在那裡?
- cup是可數量詞,在這是多個杯子,要加s
一片一片 slices Pieces
- Pizza(披薩)
- Cake(蛋糕)
- Bread(吐司 / 切片麵包)
- Watermelon(切片西瓜)
slices 量詞與代名詞
當a slice of當量詞,後面會有名詞。
- a slice of cake.一片蛋糕
- tow slices of cake. 二片蛋糕,cake是不可數,cake後面不加s。
當a slice當代名詞,後面沒有of,代表前面提過的蛋糕
- I need a slice.我要一片
例句:
- How many slices of pizza did you take?你拿了幾片披薩?(量詞)
- Just some slices.就幾片啦。(代名詞)
- Did you finish the whole pizza?你把整大個披薩都吃完喔?
- No, I only ate a few slices.沒有啦,我只吃了幾片。(代名詞)
Pieces(塊 / 片)
- Do you want some cake?要吃蛋糕嗎?
- Yeah, give me two pieces.好啊,給我兩塊。(代名詞)
- That boy is having a piece of cake right now.那个男孩现在正在吃 一块蛋糕。(量詞)
- ten pieces of pizza.十片比萨(量詞)
容器單位 + 不可數名詞
只有1公克、1公斤,量詞(容器單位:公克、公斤)就不用加S。
- a kilogram of salt.一公斤盐
- a gram of sugar.一克糖
- Can have a piece of fruit?我可以要一片水果吗?
數字 + 容器單位S + of + 內容物(不可數名詞)
- Twelve bottles of water(12 瓶水)
- Twelve cups of coffee(12 杯咖啡)
- Two grams of pepper.两克胡椒粉
例句:
- There are twelve bottles of water in the fridge.(冰箱裡有 12 瓶水。)
- I bought four bags of rice at the store.(我在店裡買了四袋米。)
- Dad had three pieces of fish.
- Can I get another piece of chocolate? I love it!我可以再要一块巧克力吗?我爱巧克力!
- We need two kilograms of sugar.我們需要二公斤糖
- Why did you buy fifty kilograms of potatoes?你为什么买了五十公斤土豆?
容器單位前面沒有數字,代表「多個」
- Cups of coffee(杯裝咖啡) → 多個杯子。
- Bags of crackers(袋裝餅乾) → 多個袋子。
- Boxes of cookies(盒裝餅乾) → 多個盒子。
例句:
- This bag of potatoes is very heavy.这袋土豆非常重。
- Could you get a bag of grapes at the grocery store?你能在杂货店买一袋葡萄吗?
容器單位 + 可數名詞S
不是只有不可數名詞可以用量詞,可數名詞也可以
數字 + 容器單位S + of + 內容物(可數名詞S)
- Twelve bas of chips(12 包洋芋片)
- A bag of crackers and a bag of rice.
- We need two bags of tomatoes. 我们需要两袋番茄。
- There are three bags of chips on the sofa.(沙發上有三包洋芋片。)
- There are two bags of crackers on the table.在桌子上有两袋饼千。
furniture 不可數
furniture(家具)是一個總稱(統稱)
- **不能加
-s**- 不能說 furnitures。如果要表達複數或多件家具,絕對不能直接加 s。
- **不能直接加不定冠詞
a/an**- 不能說 a furniture。
- This is such nice wooden **furniture.**
💡 如果想表達「一件」或「多件」家具怎麼辦?
因為它本身不可數,我們必須藉助「單位量詞」來幫忙計數:
- 一件家具: a piece of furniture
- 兩件家具: two pieces of furniture
- 許多家具: a lot of / much furniture
實用例句對照
- 錯誤示範: I bought three furnitures yesterday. ❌ (不可加 s)
- 正確說法: I bought three pieces of furniture yesterday. ✔️ (我昨天買了三件家具。)
- 回到你的句子: This is such nice wooden furniture. ✔️ (
such nice後面直接接不可數名詞furniture,非常道地!)