後位修飾 副詞,介系詞片語 修飾前面名詞

後位修飾

在英文中,時間或地點名詞可以直接放在另一個名詞後面,當作後位修飾語,用來形容前面的名詞。

倒回來想:

  • 一所高中的老師 → a teacher at a high school → 倒回來就是 → high school teacher → 翻譯: high school(高中的) teacher。

時間 後位修飾

文法說明

  • The English class yesterday.
    • yesterday 在這裡它是當作形容詞,昨天的。
  • Which day next week are you free, Tuesday or Thursday?
    • 介系詞子句(原本): Which day of next week are you free?
      • 省略of
    • 形容詞子句(原本): Which day that is next week are you free?
      • 省略關代跟be動詞that is

例句

  • the meeting yesterday(昨天的會議)
  • the weather today(今天的天氣)
  • the exam tomorrow(明天的考試)

例句:

  • The English class yesterday was not bad!
  • The meeting tomorrow has been canceled. (明天的會議已經取消了。)
  • Did you read the news today? (你有看今天的新聞嗎?)
  • The weather yesterday was freezing cold. (昨天的天氣冷得要命。)

例句:

  • next month
    • Which day next month are you available? (下個月哪一天你有空?)
    • I need to book the hotel for the trip next month.(我需要幫下個月的旅行預訂飯店。)
  • tomorrow
      • What time tomorrow are we meeting? (我們明天幾點見面?)
  • tomorrow
    • Are you ready for the meeting tomorrow?(你準備好參加明天的會議了嗎?)
  • this friday
    • Have you started studying for the exam this Friday?(你開始準備這週五的考試了嗎?)
  • I’m so excited about the concert tonight!(我對今晚的音樂會感到超興奮!)
  • Do you know the weather this weekend?(你知道這週末的天氣怎麼樣嗎?)

地點 後位修飾

  • The breakfast here is very good!
  • People in this city speak French
  • The people in this village are poor.在这个村子里的人很穷。
  • The restaurant downstairs serves incredible beef noodles. (樓下的那家餐廳牛肉麵超級好吃。)
  • The people abroad often have different cultural perspectives. (國外的人們通常有不同的文化觀點。)
  • The local market indoors is much cooler than the street market. (室內的本地市場比街頭市場涼快多了。)
  • This is my third time here.(here 形容前面的「可數名詞」time次數)
  • The people here are nice.
  • My friend there is waving at me.
  • The cat at the door is meowing.門口的那隻貓一直在叫。
  • The dog under the table is sleeping.桌底下的那隻狗在睡覺。
  • The coffee on the table is mine.
  • The garden behind the house has many flowers and trees.

其它介系詞 後位修飾

  • The girl in red is watching me. (名詞 + 介系詞片語)
  • The man on the bike is fast.騎腳踏車的那個男人很快。

時間所有格當形容詞:

時間所有格,用來表達「屬於某個時間的…」。

  • today’s newspaper(今天的報紙)
  • ❌ 錯誤: today newspaper ,Today是時間副詞,不是名詞,不能變成形容詞放在名詞前面,要變成時間所有格才能放在名詞前面。
  • next year’s plan(明年的計畫)
  • today’s tour(今天的導覽)
    • tour(導覽)是屬於 today(今天)這個日子的活動,所以用 today’s 來修飾
  • tomorrow’s weather(明天的天氣)
  • yesterday’s news(昨天的新聞)
  • tonight’s dinner(今晚的晚餐)
  • Tonight’s special comes with soup and a salad.今晚的特餐附贈(包含)湯和沙拉。

時間所有格前面不能有the

所有格跟冠詞,都是指定某個東西,也稱限定詞,不是任何一個東西。

  • ❌ The his car
  • ❌ The today’s newspaper(今天的報紙)

例外:加了next 後面就不用有時間所有格

  • Next week meeting (下禮拜的會議) = next week’s meeting
    • Next week meeting has been canceled.
  • next week Tuesday(下週二)

時間所有格 + 名詞 + 名詞 = 三個複合名詞

  • tomorrow’s tour details (明天的行程細節)
    • The tour guide knows tomorrow’s tour details.導遊知道明天的行程細節。
    • The tour guide knows the details of tomorrow’s tour.導遊知道明天的行程細節。
    • ❌ The tour guide knows the tomorrow’s tour details.導遊知道明天的行程細節。
      • 所有格前面不能有the

####例句:

  • today’s news report 今天的(新聞報導)= 今日新聞報導
    • Did you watch today’s news report about the election? (你有看今天關於選舉的今日新聞報導嗎?)
  • yesterday’s weather forecast. 昨天的(天氣預報)= 昨日天氣預報
    • I checked yesterday’s weather forecast, and it was totally wrong. (我有查昨日天氣預報,結果完全不準。)
  • tonight’s dinner menu 今晚的(晚餐菜單)= 今晚晚餐菜單
    • The chef just posted tonight’s dinner menu on Facebook. (主廚剛剛在臉書上公佈了今晚晚餐菜單。)
  • tomorrow’s morning meeting 明天的(早晨會議)= 明日晨會
    • Please review the slides before tomorrow’s morning meeting. (請在明日晨會之前複習一下簡報檔。)
  • next week’s travel plan 下週的(旅行計畫)= 下週旅遊計畫
    • We need to finalize next week’s travel plan by tonight. (我們今晚必須敲定下週旅遊計畫。)

「後置修飾」 vs 「所有格」大對照

句型一:後置修飾(時間放後面)

比較口語、直覺
句型二:所有格(’s 放前面)

比較正式、常見
中文意思
1. the meeting tomorrow tomorrow’s meeting 明天的會議
2. the trip next month next month’s trip 下個月的旅行
3. the exam this Friday this Friday’s exam 這週五的考試
4. the concert tonight tonight’s concert 今晚的音樂會
5. the weather this weekend this weekend’s weather 這週末的天氣

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