後位修飾 副詞,介系詞片語 修飾前面名詞
後位修飾
在英文中,時間或地點名詞可以直接放在另一個名詞後面,當作後位修飾語,用來形容前面的名詞。
倒回來想:
- 一所高中的老師 → a teacher at a high school → 倒回來就是 → high school teacher → 翻譯: high school(高中的) teacher。
時間 後位修飾
文法說明
- The English class yesterday.
- yesterday 在這裡它是當作形容詞,昨天的。
- Which day next week are you free, Tuesday or Thursday?
- 介系詞子句(原本): Which day of next week are you free?
- 省略of
- 形容詞子句(原本): Which day that is next week are you free?
- 省略關代跟be動詞
that is
- 省略關代跟be動詞
- 介系詞子句(原本): Which day of next week are you free?
例句
- the meeting yesterday(昨天的會議)
- the weather today(今天的天氣)
- the exam tomorrow(明天的考試)
例句:
- The English class yesterday was not bad!
- The meeting tomorrow has been canceled. (明天的會議已經取消了。)
- Did you read the news today? (你有看今天的新聞嗎?)
- The weather yesterday was freezing cold. (昨天的天氣冷得要命。)
例句:
- next month
- Which day next month are you available? (下個月哪一天你有空?)
- I need to book the hotel for the trip next month.(我需要幫下個月的旅行預訂飯店。)
- tomorrow
-
- What time tomorrow are we meeting? (我們明天幾點見面?)
-
- tomorrow
- Are you ready for the meeting tomorrow?(你準備好參加明天的會議了嗎?)
- this friday
- Have you started studying for the exam this Friday?(你開始準備這週五的考試了嗎?)
- I’m so excited about the concert tonight!(我對今晚的音樂會感到超興奮!)
- Do you know the weather this weekend?(你知道這週末的天氣怎麼樣嗎?)
地點 後位修飾
- The breakfast here is very good!
- People in this city speak French
- The people in this village are poor.在这个村子里的人很穷。
- The restaurant downstairs serves incredible beef noodles. (樓下的那家餐廳牛肉麵超級好吃。)
- The people abroad often have different cultural perspectives. (國外的人們通常有不同的文化觀點。)
- The local market indoors is much cooler than the street market. (室內的本地市場比街頭市場涼快多了。)
- This is my third time here.(here 形容前面的「可數名詞」time次數)
- The people here are nice.
- My friend there is waving at me.
- The cat at the door is meowing.門口的那隻貓一直在叫。
- The dog under the table is sleeping.桌底下的那隻狗在睡覺。
- The coffee on the table is mine.
- The garden behind the house has many flowers and trees.
其它介系詞 後位修飾
- The girl in red is watching me. (名詞 + 介系詞片語)
- The man on the bike is fast.騎腳踏車的那個男人很快。
時間所有格當形容詞:
時間所有格,用來表達「屬於某個時間的…」。
- today’s newspaper(今天的報紙)
- ❌ 錯誤: today newspaper ,Today是時間副詞,不是名詞,不能變成形容詞放在名詞前面,要變成時間所有格才能放在名詞前面。
- next year’s plan(明年的計畫)
- today’s tour(今天的導覽)
- tour(導覽)是屬於 today(今天)這個日子的活動,所以用 today’s 來修飾
- tomorrow’s weather(明天的天氣)
- yesterday’s news(昨天的新聞)
- tonight’s dinner(今晚的晚餐)
- Tonight’s special comes with soup and a salad.今晚的特餐附贈(包含)湯和沙拉。
時間所有格前面不能有the
所有格跟冠詞,都是指定某個東西,也稱限定詞,不是任何一個東西。
- ❌ The his car
- ❌ The today’s newspaper(今天的報紙)
例外:加了next 後面就不用有時間所有格
- Next week meeting (下禮拜的會議) = next week’s meeting
- Next week meeting has been canceled.
- next week Tuesday(下週二)
時間所有格 + 名詞 + 名詞 = 三個複合名詞
- tomorrow’s tour details (明天的行程細節)
- The tour guide knows tomorrow’s tour details.導遊知道明天的行程細節。
- The tour guide knows the details of tomorrow’s tour.導遊知道明天的行程細節。
- ❌ The tour guide knows the tomorrow’s tour details.導遊知道明天的行程細節。
- 所有格前面不能有the
####例句:
- today’s news report 今天的(新聞報導)= 今日新聞報導
- Did you watch today’s news report about the election? (你有看今天關於選舉的今日新聞報導嗎?)
- yesterday’s weather forecast. 昨天的(天氣預報)= 昨日天氣預報
- I checked yesterday’s weather forecast, and it was totally wrong. (我有查昨日天氣預報,結果完全不準。)
- tonight’s dinner menu 今晚的(晚餐菜單)= 今晚晚餐菜單
- The chef just posted tonight’s dinner menu on Facebook. (主廚剛剛在臉書上公佈了今晚晚餐菜單。)
- tomorrow’s morning meeting 明天的(早晨會議)= 明日晨會
- Please review the slides before tomorrow’s morning meeting. (請在明日晨會之前複習一下簡報檔。)
- next week’s travel plan 下週的(旅行計畫)= 下週旅遊計畫
- We need to finalize next week’s travel plan by tonight. (我們今晚必須敲定下週旅遊計畫。)
「後置修飾」 vs 「所有格」大對照
| 句型一:後置修飾(時間放後面) 比較口語、直覺 |
句型二:所有格(’s 放前面) 比較正式、常見 |
中文意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 1. the meeting tomorrow | tomorrow’s meeting | 明天的會議 |
| 2. the trip next month | next month’s trip | 下個月的旅行 |
| 3. the exam this Friday | this Friday’s exam | 這週五的考試 |
| 4. the concert tonight | tonight’s concert | 今晚的音樂會 |
| 5. the weather this weekend | this weekend’s weather | 這週末的天氣 |