天氣

天氣名詞

  • lightning 閃電
    • struck by lightning(被雷擊中)
    • The tree was struck by lightning.(那棵樹被雷劈了。)
  • thunder 雷聲(不可數)
    • the sound of thunder(雷聲)
    • I was scared by the sound of thunder.(我被雷聲嚇到了。)
  • a storm 暴風雨(可數)
    • 它是可數名詞,而且通常是一場特定的暴風雨,所以要加 a 或 the(像是 in a storm 或 in the storm)。
    • A storm is coming.(暴風雨要來了。)
  • a thunderstorm 雷暴雨(可數)
    • A thunderstorm is coming.(雷雨要來了)

in the rain/snow/fog/wind

rain,snow,不可數氣象名詞,不能一個一個數,所以不能用a。

前面要有the,但前面有形容詞,刪除the。

雨(rain)和雪(snow)是降落的實體,你可以「身處在大雨/大雪中」

in the rain (在雨中)

  • in the rain(在雨中)
    • 例句: We walked in the rain.(我們在雨中散步。)

加上形容詞修飾(強調雨的大小或狀態),刪除the

  • in heavy rain(在大雨中)
    • They played soccer in heavy rain.(他們在大雨中踢足球。)
  • in light rain(在小雨/毛毛雨中)
    • I ran home in light rain.(我頂著小雨跑回家。)

in the snow(在雪中)

  • The kids were playing in the snow.(孩子們正在雪地裡玩耍。)

加上形容詞:去掉 the

  • in heavy snow(在大雪中)
    • They drove safely in heavy snow.(他們在大雪中安全駕駛。)
  • in deep snow(在深雪中)

in the fog(在霧中)

  • In the fog(在霧中)
    • We drove slowly in the fog.(我們在濃霧中慢慢開車。)

in the mist(薄霧)

  • The old castle stands proudly in the mist. (古老的城堡驕傲地佇立在薄霧中。)

in the wind (在風中)

  • The leaves were blowing in the wind.(樹葉在風中飛舞。)
  • We could smell the flowers in the wind.(我們能從風中聞到花香。)

  • in heavy wind(在強風中)加上形容詞,去掉the
    • It’s hard to cycle in heavy wind.(在強風中騎腳踏車很難。)
  • in strong winds(在強風陣陣中——wind 這裡常用複數代表多陣強風)

隱申:

  • Rumors of a merger are in the wind.(公司要合併的風聲已經在流傳了。)
  • There is change in the wind.(空氣中瀰漫著改變的氣息/局勢似乎要變了。)

in the sun(在陽光中)

  • She loves reading a book quietly in the sun. (她喜歡在陽光下安靜地看書。)

其它例句:

  • We got caught in the rain without an umbrella. (我們沒帶傘,淋到了雨。)
  • Her hair was blowing wildly in the wind. (她的頭髮在風中狂亂地飄揚著。)
  • She loves reading a book quietly in the sun. (她喜歡在陽光下安靜地看書。)
  • We couldn’t see the road clearly in the fog. (我們在大霧中看不清道路。)
  • The kids were happily playing in the snow. (孩子們開心地在雪地裡玩耍。)
  • Birds were flying high in the sky. (鳥兒在天空中高飛。)

a storm/ a thunderstorm

in a storm : 泛指、任一場

  • in a storm:在一場暴風雨中(泛指、任一場,或某個未特定指明的暴風雨情境)。
    • It’s dangerous to be caught in a storm at sea.(在海上遇到暴風雨是很危險的。)
  • in a thunderstorm
    • We got caught in a thunderstorm.(我們遇到雷雨暴風了。)
    • We got caught in a thunderstorm while hiking.(我們健行時遇到了一場雷雨。)
    • We got caught in a sudden thunderstorm.(我們遇到了一場突如其來的雷雨。)
    • 加了 sudden 形容詞,a不會消失。

in the storm : 特定的一場、那場

暴風雨是一個具體的、有邊界的天氣事件。當你說 in the storm 時,是指你置身於「那場暴風雨」當中。

  • They managed to sail in the storm.(他們設法在暴風雨中航行。)
  • The little bird was flying in the storm.(那隻小鳥在暴風雨中飛行。)
  • We drove in the thunderstorm.(我們在雷雨中開車。)

加形容詞(去掉 the):

前面加上形容詞修飾特定種類的暴風雨時,通常也會去掉 the,換成a:

  • in a sudden storm(突如其來的暴風雨中)

during 在…期間

  • during + a(泛指「一場/一次」期間)
    • Always unplug electronics during a thunderstorm.
    • 意思:在任何一場雷雨期間(泛指通則、給建議時),都要把電器拔掉。
  • We stayed home during the thunderstorm.(我們在雷雨中待在家裡。)
  • We stayed inside during the hurricane.(我們待在室內,躲過了的颶風。)
  • We stayed inside during a massive hurricane.(我們待在室內,躲過了一場巨大的颶風。)

stormthunderstorm 完全一樣,屬於可數名詞的氣象與天災類單字還有很多!

這些單字因為本身是可數的(代表一個個具體的事件或現象),所以當你加上形容詞(例如 sudden, violent, severe 等描述性質的形容詞)時,前面原本的 athe 絕對不會消失,因為它依然需要依循一般可數名詞的文法規則。

以下是幾個最常見、用法完全相同的氣象單字:


1. Hurricane / Typhoon(颶風 / 颱風)

  • 基本用法in a hurricane(在一場颶風中)/ in the hurricane(在那場颶風中)
  • 加上形容詞(冠詞保留)
  • We stayed inside during a massive hurricane.(我們待在室內,躲過了一場巨大的颶風。)
  • They evacuated before the devastating typhoon hit.(在那場毀滅性的颱風登陸前,他們撤離了。)

2. Tornado(龍捲風)

  • 基本用法in a tornado / in the tornado
  • 加上形容詞(冠詞保留)
  • How to survive in a sudden tornado?(如何在突如其來的龍捲風中存活?)
  • The town was flattened by the terrifying tornado.(整個城鎮被那場可怕的龍捲風夷為平地。)

3. Blizzard(暴風雪)

  • 基本用法in a blizzard / in the blizzard
  • 加上形容詞(冠詞保留)
  • They got lost in a severe blizzard.(他們在一場猛烈的暴風雪中迷路了。)
  • Don’t drive out in the fierce blizzard.(別在那場狂暴的暴風雪中開車出去。)

4. Cyclone(氣旋)

  • 基本用法in a cyclone / in the cyclone
  • 加上形容詞(冠詞保留)
  • Many houses were destroyed in a tropical cyclone.(許多房子在一場熱帶氣旋中被摧毀。)

💡 核心區分總結

你可以用一個簡單的邏輯來區分:

  1. 不可數的天氣/狀態(如 rain, snow):描述雨雪的「大小、強度」時(如 heavy, light),習慣把 the 拿掉,變成純狀態描述(in heavy rain)。
  2. 可數的天氣事件(如 storm, thunderstorm, hurricane, tornado, blizzard):它們是一個個「事件」,不管前面加了什麼形容詞(sudden, severe, massive),athe 都一定要好好地留著,不能像不可數名詞那樣直接省略!

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